Nevada’s water rights, like most of the western states, are based on the fundamental concepts of prior appropriation and beneficial use. Prior appropriation (also known as “first in time, first in right”) allows for the orderly use of the state’s public water resources by granting priority to senior water rights. This concept ensures the senior uses are protected, even when new uses for water are allocated. Beneficial use is self-explanatory, meaning that the water is consistently used for mining, agriculture and various other purposes and not forfeited or abandoned. Legally recognized water rights with the earliest priority are the senior rights and can be valuable. For instance and very simplistically, if you own land with water having an 1866 priority to a stream and your neighbor has water rights to that same stream with a 1901 priority, if the stream is short on water, you get your share first, even if it means that there is not enough water for your neighbor.
Pre-statutory rights are legally recognized when they are vested and proven. They do not involve permits because the permitting agency was not yet created by statute. According to the Schroeder Law Offices, Nevada had three statutory allocation tiers:
March 1, 1905 – Surface water code.
March 22, 1913 – Artesian groundwater.
March 22, 1939:Â Groundwater code.
The deadline was authorized under Senate Bill 270 of the 79th Session (2017) Legislature, which was approved by Governor Sandoval on June 9, 2017.
Since 1995, Deborah has owned and operated LegalTech LLC with a focus on water rights. Before moving to Arizona in 1986, she worked as a quality control analyst for Honeywell and in commercial real estate, both in Texas. She learned about Arizona's water rights from the late and great attorney Michael Brophy of Ryley, Carlock & Applewhite. Her side interests are writing (and reading), Wordpress programming and much more.
The April 23, 2024, U.S. Drought Monitor report shows mixed drought conditions in the Colorado River Basin, with improvements in some states but a worsening situation in others.
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